Victorian Illustrated Books (ENG910 F2020) Dashboard

Description

Students in Lorraine Janzen Kooistra's English Capstone Seminar at Ryerson University in Toronto in F2020 aim to make a virtue of pandemic necessity by engaging collaboratively and critically with the digital surrogates of a wide variety of Victorian illustrated books published between 1843 and 1899.

Using the interpretive model of image/text/context for both synchronic and diachronic analyses, and drawing on a range of digital tools, this course aims to understand the past through the present and the present through the past.

Our study begins with Charles Dickens's iconic Christmas Carol: A Ghost Story of Christmas, illustrated by John Leech (1843), then turns to two examples of poetry and illustration: Alfred Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott," illustrated by Pre-Raphaelite artists William Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1857); and Christina Rossetti's "Goblin Market," illustrated by her brother, Dante Gabriel (1862). These mid-century works will provide the foundation for our study of the illustrated books that proliferated at the end of the century. We'll analyze a variety of fin-de-siècle genres and styles, starting with Arthur Conan Doyle's popular detective stories, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, illustrated by Sydney Paget (1892). Next up is Salome: A Tragedy in One Act, Oscar Wilde's censored play based on a biblical story, which was infamously "embroidered" by decadent artist Aubrey Beardsley (1894). Fairy tales and fantasies aimed at adult audiences allowed counter-cultural writers and artists to protest existing norms and imagine other worlds; our examples are Laurence Housman's self-illustrated collection, The House of Joy (1895) and Clemence Housman's gothic novella The Were-Wolf, with wood-engraved illustrations by the author after her brother Laurence's designs (1896). The Annancy Stories, a self-illustrated collection of folktales by Pamela Colman Smith, is the first-known publication featuring this Jamaican trickster figure (1899). Students examine the final work, A Christmas Carol: The Graphic Novel (2019), for evidence of the legacy of Victorian illustrated books today.

The following texts are available in COVE (see D2L for the other digital surrogates):

Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol: A Ghost Story of Christmas (1843): A COVE Studio Text for class annotation

Clemence Housman, The Were-Wolf (1896): A COVE Annotated Edition 

Christina G. Rossetti, Goblin Market (1862): A COVE Annotated Edition 

Alfred Tennyson: The Lady of Shalott (1857):  A COVE Studio text for class annotation

Victorian illustrated books resulted from the collaboration of a number of social agents, including authors, artists, engravers, editors, publishers, and readers. Using the COVE toolset, students and instructor work collaboratively to build resources that critically curate Victorian illustrated books in cultural contexts ranging from the nineteenth century to the present. 

We will use the COVE annotation tool to hone our close reading and editorial skills. In COVE Studio, each student will provide TWO TEXTUAL ANNOTATIONS, one on "content," one on "craft," for Dickens's A Christmas Carol and Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott."

We will use the Gallery Image tool to provide bibliographic and contextual information and iconographic commentary and analysis on illustrations, and to associate these with events in the Timeline and places in the Map.

We will use the Gallery Exhibition tool to critically curate illustrated books in cultural contexts, situating works synchronically, within their originating moment of production and reception, and diachronically, in terms of their ongoing moments of production and reception. 

We will use the COVE Timeline tool to provide information about historical events relevant to Victorian illustrated books, both at the time of their first publication, and in their ongoing re-production over time and across media.

We will use the COVE Map tool to associate places relevant to illustrated books and their makers and the cultural contexts that we showcase in the Gallery and on the Timeline. 

Galleries, Timelines, and Maps

Blog entry
Posted by Alexandra Monstur on Thursday, December 3, 2020 - 11:59

I enjoyed this final class for ENG 910, in which we all presented our capstone project ideas to one another. To see how far we have collectively come as a group with our research is fulfilling, especially with how difficult this semester has been for all of us. While listening to my classmates’ presentations, I realized just how dynamic all of these Victorian Illustrated texts are. While many of the contextual topics my classmates chose were similar, each of them used these contexts to analyze their stories in multiple ways that were interesting, original, and provided completely new insights that I had not considered before.

As for what I have learned skill-wise, I felt that this course only helped to solidify the vital research abilities I have acquired throughout the entirety of my major. Looking back, I realize that everything in my major truly has been building up to this moment, and to have completed a research project that encapsulates my...

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Blog entry
Posted by Nicole Bernard on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 23:50

Firstly, I must say that I am shocked to find that it is the end of the semester already. How time flies! Looking back on all of the texts we have studied, I can say that my appreciation for Victorian literature, as well as my capacity for analysis, has greatly grown. It seems the course is reaching a satisfying denouement as we now turn to A Christmas Carol once again.

The experience of reading the graphic novel certainly invokes palimpsest. It both expands upon and reflects the content of the original text. This story is quite remarkable in its ability to be reinterpreted again and again, each time invoking a different reaction. This only reinforced the ability of image and context to evolve the message of an original text.

We often discussed the collaboration of Victorian texts over the semester, and this Neo-Victorian graphic novel also adheres to this. Whereas in Victorian texts, the written word was reshaped through image and reader response, the Neo-Victorian...

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Blog entry
Posted by Alicia Puebla on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 22:52

I found myself very excited today after the lecture. In group discussions I got the opportunity to converse about Goblin Market and discuss the different angles being taken on the Illustrated novel. I was able to share my ideas and talk to classmates about their presentations as well. I had a few curiosities surrounding the project and was glad to talk to the other people working on the same text and illustrations to help me out. Overall I gained insight onto more of the dialogue surrounding Goblin Market. I also found todays topic of A Christmas Carol :The Graphic Novel exciting. In the last few classes the dialogue was navigated by student leaders and in todays lecture the class worked together surrounding the conversation of the illustrations throughtout the text. I thought the conversation surrounding the comparisons between the two Christmas Carol's was interesting aswell too see the different meanings interpreted depending on the...

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Blog entry
Posted by Fahimah Hamidavi on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 22:00

I’ve started working on my capstone project this week, and I’m very excited to get further into my research to create my digital exhibit. After class today, Lorraine walked those of us who are using COVE for our projects through the creation of a gallery exhibit and it got me very excited to start working with the platform. We ran into some problems with inserting images, but thankfully Emma was able to find us a workaround to solve that problem! 

Earlier in class, we looked at the graphic novel reinterpretation of A Christmas Carol. I’m not someone who regularly reads graphic novels, but I found it really interesting comparing the original illustrations by John Leech to reinterpretations of the same scene in the graphic novel. One thing that was particularly interesting to me was how the graphic novel remained relatively consistent with the time period of the novella, but added green and red combinations to several panels to...

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Gallery Exhibit
Posted by Lorraine Janzen... on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 11:38

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this is my first subtitle

this is my second subtitle

this is my conclusion

Lorraine Janzen Kooistra

Works Cited

Gallery Exhibit
Posted by Lorraine Janzen... on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 11:34

this is a test

Blog entry
Posted by Alexandra Monstur on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 11:11

In today’s class, we had the pleasure of looking at the graphic novel version of Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol. I enjoyed learning about the palimpsest theory, which is based off effacing an original piece of writing in order to write new text over top. However, despite writing on top of the effaced manuscript, pieces of the previous text still remain. I found this concept to be especially interesting given the work we’ve done with not only A Christmas Carol, but also Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” (which I am working on for my Capstone project),a and seeing how these texts have been rendered in several different ways over the years. Just as it was fascinating to see how different authors had interpreted Rossetti’s original text, I found it similarly interesting to see how A Christmas Carol had been rendered into the graphic format. Seeing how the artists had interpreted the original text into a heavily visual narrative is a reminder of...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Alicia Puebla on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 23:12

I found the topic of Undisciplining Victorian Studies in this class's discussion to be very interesting. Historically speaking Victorian studies have been seen as a prodominetly white community, not much of the literature was written or published by people of colour. Many works that have been studied have been dug up and rediscovered. I have taken different courses at ryerson that allow the student community to explore different cultures literature and have gotten the opportunity to study texts from all over the world that are post colonial texts but the Victorian era is one where I have not seen much diversity in terms of literature. The concept of 'undiscipling' Victorian texts seems like a very big task to me, since almost if not all Victorian texts I have read have been writen by white authors and published by white publishers. I also found it very interesting today when I learned that Pamela Colman Smith had published her own work in the Green Sheaf. She as a women of...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Nicole Bernard on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 20:48

I was rather struck by the illustrations for The Annancy Stories in that Smith's style of artwork feels much more fluid than anything we have come across thus far. It gives the impression of inky brushstrokes rather than of rigidly controlled lines.

This text stood out for its portrayal of race in colonized Jamaica. When race is a central feature in illustrations it often gives the sense of a one-sided lens in which one group is exoticized and interpreted through their alterity. The gaze of the artist as well as that of the intended audience is crucial to the cultivation of the image's content. The gaze of the audience is an essential feature in any text. Smith's audience was predominantly white and seeking entertainment rather than education as demonstrated through her performances of West Indian folk stories for hire at parties and events. From their perspective, examples of West Indian culture may have been exoticized and transformed into a status symbol...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Payton Flood on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 17:13

Prior to this course, I had only briefly encountered the Annancy Stories so it was a joy to be able to engage with them by focusing entirely on the visual aspect.  It was nice to finally engage with a text by a black nineteenth-century author.  I was surprised at the differences in the visuals compared to other texts we've engaged within this course.  The lines seemed cleaner and more distinct.  I noticed that any colouring was solid, no shading was used which emphasize those distinct lines.  Closer to the end of Emma's presentation, she pointed out the villiage in the background and the black smudges surrounding the houses; I'd assume they're meant to represent trees or any foliage that you'd find Jamaica.  I was, however, interested in all the tiny little lines spread out in front of the village.  I can only assume those were meant to represent sugar cane and that the surrounding village was part of a plantation, a subtle nod to the slavery and injustice imposed on Jamaicans for...

more

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Individual Entries

Blog entry
Posted by Fahimah Hamidavi on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 22:00

I’ve started working on my capstone project this week, and I’m very excited to get further into my research to create my digital exhibit. After class today, Lorraine walked those of us who are using COVE for our projects through the creation of a gallery exhibit and it got me very excited to start working with the platform. We ran into some problems with inserting images, but thankfully Emma was able to find us a workaround to solve that problem! 

Earlier in class, we looked at the graphic novel reinterpretation of A Christmas Carol. I’m not someone who regularly reads graphic novels, but I found it really interesting comparing the original illustrations by John Leech to reinterpretations of the same scene in the graphic novel. One thing that was particularly interesting to me was how the graphic novel remained relatively consistent with the time period of the novella, but added green and red combinations to several panels to...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Alexandra Monstur on Thursday, November 26, 2020 - 11:11

In today’s class, we had the pleasure of looking at the graphic novel version of Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol. I enjoyed learning about the palimpsest theory, which is based off effacing an original piece of writing in order to write new text over top. However, despite writing on top of the effaced manuscript, pieces of the previous text still remain. I found this concept to be especially interesting given the work we’ve done with not only A Christmas Carol, but also Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” (which I am working on for my Capstone project),a and seeing how these texts have been rendered in several different ways over the years. Just as it was fascinating to see how different authors had interpreted Rossetti’s original text, I found it similarly interesting to see how A Christmas Carol had been rendered into the graphic format. Seeing how the artists had interpreted the original text into a heavily visual narrative is a reminder of...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Alicia Puebla on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 23:12

I found the topic of Undisciplining Victorian Studies in this class's discussion to be very interesting. Historically speaking Victorian studies have been seen as a prodominetly white community, not much of the literature was written or published by people of colour. Many works that have been studied have been dug up and rediscovered. I have taken different courses at ryerson that allow the student community to explore different cultures literature and have gotten the opportunity to study texts from all over the world that are post colonial texts but the Victorian era is one where I have not seen much diversity in terms of literature. The concept of 'undiscipling' Victorian texts seems like a very big task to me, since almost if not all Victorian texts I have read have been writen by white authors and published by white publishers. I also found it very interesting today when I learned that Pamela Colman Smith had published her own work in the Green Sheaf. She as a women of...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Nicole Bernard on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 20:48

I was rather struck by the illustrations for The Annancy Stories in that Smith's style of artwork feels much more fluid than anything we have come across thus far. It gives the impression of inky brushstrokes rather than of rigidly controlled lines.

This text stood out for its portrayal of race in colonized Jamaica. When race is a central feature in illustrations it often gives the sense of a one-sided lens in which one group is exoticized and interpreted through their alterity. The gaze of the artist as well as that of the intended audience is crucial to the cultivation of the image's content. The gaze of the audience is an essential feature in any text. Smith's audience was predominantly white and seeking entertainment rather than education as demonstrated through her performances of West Indian folk stories for hire at parties and events. From their perspective, examples of West Indian culture may have been exoticized and transformed into a status symbol...

more
Blog entry
Posted by Payton Flood on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 17:13

Prior to this course, I had only briefly encountered the Annancy Stories so it was a joy to be able to engage with them by focusing entirely on the visual aspect.  It was nice to finally engage with a text by a black nineteenth-century author.  I was surprised at the differences in the visuals compared to other texts we've engaged within this course.  The lines seemed cleaner and more distinct.  I noticed that any colouring was solid, no shading was used which emphasize those distinct lines.  Closer to the end of Emma's presentation, she pointed out the villiage in the background and the black smudges surrounding the houses; I'd assume they're meant to represent trees or any foliage that you'd find Jamaica.  I was, however, interested in all the tiny little lines spread out in front of the village.  I can only assume those were meant to represent sugar cane and that the surrounding village was part of a plantation, a subtle nod to the slavery and injustice imposed on Jamaicans for...

more
Posted by Emma Fraschetti on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 16:53
Blog entry
Posted by Alicia Beggs-Holder on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 14:59

I really enjoyed reading about the Annancy stories in general prior to the class so the fact that we've gotten to read it in this class was a pleasant surprise - Emma did a great job on her presentation too, it was really informative and a great question. I've always been intrigued with the trickster tales and how closely it's interwoven in West-Indies and African culture. With Emma's question if what it means - oral stories are common and helpful ways in showing the fluidity with almost "free-form" within Caribbean / African community, it's not with the intention to define static rules but rather to allow others to join in the meaning-making within these stories. They're storytellers that allow the audience and the teller to be on equal terms - there is no hierarchy, not really. With the way the woman is dressed (including her cloak), it relates to the preconception of Obeah that's closely ingrained in Jamaican culture but within colonialism, it was outlawed (I believe) and it was...

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Blog entry
Posted by Yousef Farhang on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 13:03

This week we discussed Pamela Colman Smith’s Annancy Stories which I had slight knowledge on based on our presentations in the early weeks of this class. However, after today's presentation and discussion on the text, I gained a much more clear perspective on the text as a whole including its illustrations. Specifically, I enjoyed Professor Kooistra's comments on the folklore tropes which are apparent in the text such as Toad's transformation illustrated through his change of clothing. Furthermore, I was not aware of  Pamela Colman Smith’s ambiguous racial identity which sparked some really informative discussions based on her work being considered as a cultural appropriation of Jamaican and African culture. Although I think it is important to have knowledge based on the author's background, I believe Smith's work does more good than bad. We can look at our own selection of readings for this course, and realize that her work brings a new...

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Blog entry
Posted by Kyle Sarjeant on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 12:26

I think Undisciplining Victorian Studies is an important but difficult task. The push to decolonize Academia has been ongoing for much longer than this year’s BLM movement. My experience in Ryerson English has been tinged by an attempt at decolonization. Many of my profs have made a strong effort to incorporate postcolonial, Indigenous, and subaltern writers and artists into their syllabi. I have read much less of the American and British classics than I’m sure I would have read at UofT. But there is always more work to be done. Figures like Pamela Colman Smith provide an important starting point for diversifying the Victorian canon and elevating the long-suppressed stories of the Other in the empire. That she was as prolific as she was and is still remains so obscure is saddening, but the work being done to uncover her history and influence is important. Whether or not PCS was a mixed race woman or not is only marginally important—a blood quantum cannot change the...

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Blog entry
Posted by Anjali Jaikarran on Thursday, November 19, 2020 - 11:15

This week's seminar focused on Pamela Colman Smith's Annancy Stories, a series of African/Jamaican folktales published in 1899. Pamela Colman Smith was an author, illustrator, and publisher born to an American father and Jamaican mother. The Annancy stories is a transatlantic text unlike the other texts from previous weeks focuses on stories that originate outside of Britain. The Annancy stories originated in West Africa and were brought to Jamaica by enslaved Africans through the British slave trade. Colman Smith as the author, illustrator, and published gives her a sense of authority that is different from the other female authors we've studied this term. Her decision to recreate the stories in the original Jamaican patois is interesting as it allows the stories to retain an aspect of the original oral tradition that would be otherwise lost in translation through publishing with any other company. It is a complex attempt at cultural preservation but also cultural...

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