Gustave Falubert's debut novel is initially serialized in Revue de Paris, and is later published in-full in 1857. The novel is often seen as an important foundational piece of realism in literature. Its story of adultery however, made it a target for the French legislature who put Flaubert on trial for immorality in response to its publication. This lasted from January to February of 1857, and while Flaubert avoided conviction, other writers like Charles Baudelaire were not so lucky being found guilty on the same charges at roughly the same time. This would prove to be relevant to the NVA, as a few decades later in England, as publisher Henry Vizetelly would be charged with obscenity in England. In his case he was specifically charged for the works of Émile Zola, but he was also responsible for the translation and distribution of Flaubert's work in England.

Sources: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=0La_MdsveVoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&...

https://www.nypl.org/blog/2017/04/13/great-writers-madame-bovary

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=0La_MdsveVoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&...

English Literature in Transition: Volume 60, Number 4